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Safety and International Standards
Laser Safety Standards
Global safety standards
| International Organization | U.S.A. | Japan |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser products |
FDA（CDRH） 21CFR Part 1040.10 and 1040.11 |
JIS C6802 |
About IEC 60825-1
Description of IEC
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is an international organization for standardization in the electrical field. IEC has the following purpose:
-Serve as a basis for national standardization in the field of electrical and electronic engineering.
(Reference: http://www.iec.ch/about/mission-e.htm)
Description of laser safety standard
IEC established an international standard "IEC 60825-1" for laser product, which serves as a common safety standard for IEC member countries.
About FDA (CDRH)
Description of FDA
The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is a branch of the HHS (Department of Health and Human Services). The CDRH (Center for Device and Radiological Health), a division under FDA, conducts administrative operations of radiological regulations. Regulations for laser products are based on the radiological regulations. For production, sales and distribution of laser products in the U.S., manufacturers must comply with the requirements of these regulations.
Description of the laser safety standard
Title 21 "Radiological Health" of the CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) stipulates regulations on radiation (including laser) as well as general rules.
About JIS C6802
Description of laser safety standards
Describes the "Safety Standards for Laser Products".
The international standards for the proper fabrication and use of laser products are determined in accordance with IEC60825-1.
Based on this, JIS C6802 has been established as the laser safety standard in Japan.
JIS C6802 is a translated version of the IEC60825-1 international standards and could be considered a "globally shared safety standard". In accordance with these standards, JIS C6802 acts as a guide "allowing for the safe use of laser beams" and
defines different safety measures, from contents to warning labels, that are required in response to the wavelengths and strengths of lasers.
Laser Product Classifications
IEC 60825-1
IEC60825-1 is an IEC standard that regulates the safety of laser products. The class standards and class judgment standards for the IEC were revised in 2001 by the IEC standards constitution committee. According to this revision, new classes, namely class 1M, class 2M, and class 3R were newly established.
In addition, the JIS standards relating to the laser safety standards (JIS C6802) were also revised in January of 2005 so that the laser class standard conforms to the IEC standard.
CO2 laser markers (ML-G9300 series and ML-Z9500 series),
YAG laser markers (MD-H9800 series)
or YVO4 laser markers (MD-V9600A/MD-V9900) and
fiber laser markers (MD-F3000 series)
are classified as class 4 lasers.
IEC standard
| Laser class | Class Definition |
|---|---|
| Class 1 | Lasers that are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation, including the use of optical instruments for intrabeam viewing. |
| Class 1M | Lasers emitting in the wavelength range from 302.5nm to 4,000nm which are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation, but may be hazardous if the user employs optics within the beam. |
| Class 2 | Lasers that emit visible radiation in the wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm where eye protection is normally afforded by aversion responses, including the blink reflex. This reaction may be expected to provide adequate protection under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation including the use of optical instruments for intrabeam viewing. |
| Class 2M | Lasers that emit visible radiation in the wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm where eye protection is normally afforded by aversion responses including the blink reflex. However, viewing of the output may be more hazardous if the user employs optics within the beam. |
| Class 3R | Lasers that emit in the wavelength range from 302.5nm to 106nm where direct intrabeam viewing is potentially hazardous but the risk is lower than for Class 3B lasers, and fewer manufacturing requirements and control measures for the user apply than for Class 3B lasers. The accessible emission limit is within five times the AEL of Class 2 in the wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm and within five times the AEL of Class 1 for other wavelengths. |
| Class 3B | Lasers that are normally hazardous when direct intrabeam exposure occurs. (i.e. within the NOHD). Viewing diffuse reflections is normally safe. |
| Class 4 | Lasers that are also capable of producing hazardous diffuse reflections. They may cause skin injuries and could also constitute a fire hazard. Their use requires extreme caution. |
Installation of a laser marker (Example)
Installation precautions
Be sure to provide a dust collector to collect dust and smoke generated during marking. Furthermore, to improve dust-collecting efficiency and to prevent exposure to a reflected laser beam, try to enclose the laser beam path with a material that does not transmit a laser beam.
To prevent a laser beam from leaking when no target is placed, terminate the laser beam path.
Protective enclosure
Enclose the laser head of a laser marker with a material that provides appropriate reflectance and heat characteristics to block a reflected laser beam. This will prevent people around the laser marker or those in the laser control area from being accidentally exposed to a reflected laser beam during operation of the laser marker.
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